资料来源

资料来源与方法

我们如何评级证据,以及本站所依据的每一项研究。

我们如何评级证据

本站的每一条说法都带有五种标签之一。这里准确说明每一种的含义。

  • 证据充分

    有大量研究或监管共识的有力支持。

  • 证据初现

    存在真实信号,但仍有争议或尚无定论。

  • 证据薄弱

    证据有限或为间接证据,或宣传数字被夸大。

  • 尚未证实

    看似合理,但缺乏人体证据支持。

  • 已被推翻

    一个流行说法,但证据与之相悖。

我们的原则

  • 我们把塑料颗粒与塑料相关化学物质区分开,二者的证据非常不同。
  • 检出不等于危害。在体内发现颗粒,与证明它们致病并不是一回事。
  • 我们引用原始研究和监管机构,并标出那些站不住脚的流行数字。
  • 这是科普教育,而非医疗建议。

完整参考文献

本站行动方案和误区中引用的所有来源,已去重。

32 资料来源

  1. 01Antioxidant Intervention Against Microplastic Hazards (review), PMC · 2025review
  2. 02BfR assesses study on tea bags and microplastic particles (029/2025) · 2025gov/org
  3. 03Bioaccumulation of microplastics in decedent human brains (Nihart et al.), Nature Medicine · 2025peer-reviewed
  4. 04Can Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Lower the Circulating Burden of Microplastics? (Weinstein et al.), J. Clinical Apheresis · 2026peer-reviewed
  5. 05Canned Soup Consumption and Urinary Bisphenol A: a randomized crossover trial (Carwile et al.) · 2011human RCT
  6. 06Company verifies first microplastics detox procedure. Results vary. (E&E News) · 2026news
  7. 07Dietary fibers and their role in protecting health (Wang et al.), Food Frontiers · 2024review
  8. 08Do we really have enough plastic in our brains to make a spoon? (C&EN) · 2026news
  9. 09Does fibre really flush microplastics? (foodfacts.org fact-check, rated Misleading) · 2024fact-check
  10. 10Drinking Boiled Tap Water Reduces Human Intake of Nanoplastics and Microplastics (Yu et al.), Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. · 2024particle
  11. 11Effect of Plasma and Blood Donation on Levels of PFAS in Firefighters: a randomized clinical trial (JAMA Network Open) · 2022human RCT
  12. 12EU prohibition on the use of bisphenol A in food contact materials · 2025gov/org
  13. 13Food Packaging and Bisphenol A and Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure: A Dietary Intervention (Rudel et al.), Environ. Health Perspect. · 2011human RCT
  14. 14Human Consumption of Microplastics (Cox et al.), Environ. Sci. Technol. · 2019particle
  15. 15Human elimination of phthalate compounds: blood, urine, and sweat (BUS) study (Genuis et al.) · 2011peer-reviewed
  16. 16IARC Monographs evaluate the carcinogenicity of PFOA and PFOS · 2023gov/org
  17. 17International quantification of microplastics in indoor dust (Catarino et al.) · 2022particle
  18. 18Lifetime Accumulation of Microplastic in Children and Adults (Mohamed Nor et al.), Environ. Sci. Technol. · 2021peer-reviewed
  19. 19Microplastic and PTFE contamination of food from cookware (Cole et al.), Sci. Total Environ. · 2024particle
  20. 20Microplastic Release into the Food from Plastic Containers during Microwave Heating (Hussain et al.), Environ. Sci. Technol. · 2023particle
  21. 21Microplastic Removal Using Point-of-Use Drinking Water Treatment Devices (Cherian et al.), Polymers · 2023particle
  22. 22Microplastics and probiotics: mechanisms and health consequences (review), PMC · 2025review
  23. 23Microplastics in indoor versus outdoor air and the effect of ventilation rate (Choi et al.), Emerging Contaminants · 2024particle
  24. 24Migration of microplastics from non-stick coatings (Luo et al.), Sci. Total Environ. · 2022particle
  25. 25Plastic containers release microplastics when heated (University of Nebraska-Lincoln) · 2023news
  26. 26Plastic Teabags Release Billions of Microparticles and Nanoparticles into Tea (Hernandez et al.) · 2019peer-reviewed
  27. 27Rapid single-particle chemical imaging of nanoplastics by SRS microscopy (Qian et al.) · 2024particle
  28. 28Release of nanoplastic particles from polypropylene kettles (Shi, Okoffo, Thomas et al.), npj Emerging Contaminants · 2025particle
  29. 29Some bottled water worse than tap for microplastics, study shows (Ohio State) · 2024particle
  30. 30Toxic chemicals from microplastics can be absorbed through skin (University of Birmingham) · 2024news
  31. 31Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses on Plastic-Associated Chemicals and Health (Symeonides et al.), Annals of Global Health · 2024review
  32. 32You do not eat a credit card of plastic a week (Full Fact) · 2024fact-check